PARTICLE COLLIDER/ BLACKHOLE MACHINE PASSES FIRST TEST;
CERN UNLEASHES EARTH GRAVITATIONAL FIELD KAOS
Moon, Jupiter and a fireball outburst
Baltimore Sun, United States -
That's a photo of the outburst at left - actually a "stack" of images combined to show all the fireballs over the Marshall Space Flight Center's All-Sky ...
NASA, DC -
A flurry of bright fireballs appeared over the eastern United States on Sept. 9, 2008. Image Credit: NASA/MSFC/B. Cooke An unexpected flock of fireballs ...
 Examiner.com | Goodness, Gracious, Great Balls o'Fire: Unexplained Sky Outbreak Examiner.com - A sudden historic outbrust of fireballs exploded over the eastern United States last night. Although September routinely brings the Perseid metor showers, ... |
"Most appear to have a radiant near Perseus (3.3h, +43o), leading us to hypothesize an outburst of the September Perseids," says Cooke. The September Perseids come from an unknown comet and typically produce no more than a handful of dim meteors per hour when the shower peaks on Sept. 8th and 9th. This is the first time they have been caught bursting in this fashion. Most of the meteors recorded by the NASA camera were magnitude -2 or brighter, i.e., as bright as Jupiter or Venus.
Ongoing analyses of this outburst may reveal the orbit of the meteoroids, the location of the parent comet (if a comet is indeed the parent), and whether more outbursts are in the offing. Stay tuned for updates.
CERN Attempt To ‘Talk To God’ Nails Heart Of Earth…Again
UNO UPDATE: Does Meteor Spashdown cause 9.0 Earthqauke and Tsunami?
UNO UPDATE PART DUO: Does Meteor Spashdown cause 9.0 Earthqauke and Tsunami?
VIOLENT SOLAR STORMS MAKE EARTHQUAKES 30 TIMES MORE LIKELY?
What caused earthquake in three different parts of the world on the same day (South Asia, Indonesia and Phillipines)
UNO UPDATE: Polar reversal causes shift in tectonic forces to accelerate outbreaks with earthquakes and Tsunamis.
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Residents in the Clayton and Wendell areas reported hearing several loud "booms" that shook their houses between 5:30 and 6 pm Sunday. ...
WRAL.com, NC -
WRAL viewers reported hearing multiple loud booms or explosions in Johnston, northwestern Wake, southern Nash and northwestern Wilson counties around 5:45 ...
Clayton News Star, NC -
A loud noise was also reported about an hour earlier in Selma. Local law enforcement officials reported no explosions in the area, and reports of an ...
7.0 magnitude earthquake hits off Vanuatu Xinhua, China - 9 (Xinhua) -- A strong earthquake measuring 7.0 on the Richter scale struck off the coast of the South Pacific island nation of Vanuatu early Tuesday, ... Strong 7 magnitude quake off Vanuatu 6.5 quake shakes sea floor near Vanuatu Strong quake off Vanuatu
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 TopNews | Earthquake strikes Indonesia's Aceh The Age, Australia - The Indonesian archipelago sits on the so-called Pacific Ring of Fire, where continental plates meet, causing seismic and volcanic activity. Moderate quake rocks Aceh, Indonesia, causing panic Indonesia quake kills two, injures 60 |
Radio Australia, Australia -
Indonesian authorities have withdrawn a tsunami alert after a 7.6-magnitude earthquake in the country's east. The quake hit this morning, northwest North ...
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UPDATE 1-Strong earthquake hits northern Japan
Reuters UK, UK -
TOKYO, Sept 11 (Reuters) - An earthquake with a preliminary magnitude of 7.0 struck off the coast of Japan's northernmost main island of Hokkaido on ...
Tsunami Warning After Japan Quake
Powerful earthquake rattles northern Japan, tsunami warning issued
Tsunami alerts in two countries
Japan, Indonesia issue tsunami warnings following quakes CBC.ca, Canada - Meanwhile, an earthquake has struck Japan's northernmost main island of Hokkaido, according to Reuters. The 7.0-magnitude quake also prompted a tsunami ... Powerful Quakes Rattle Japan, Northeastern Indonesia |
The Associated Press - TOKYO (AP) — A magnitude 7 earthquake hit northern Japan on Thursday morning, Japan's Meteorological Agency said. There were no immediate reports of Tsunami Warning After Japan Quake Sky News, UK - A tsunami warning has been issued after a strong earthquake in northern Japan, according to reports. You can add this story to your favourites or submit it ... |
Earthquakes strike Japan, Indonesia New Zealand Herald, New Zealand - TOKYO - A magnitude 7 earthquake hit northern Japan today, while another powerful earthquake rattled northeastern Indonesia. There were no immediate reports ... |
Indonesia issues tsunami warning following 7.6-magnitude earthquake Radio Australia, Australia - And in Japan a 7.0 magnitude earthquake has hit the north of the country. The Japan Meteorological Agency has issued warnings of mild tsunami seismic waves. ... |
Quakes hit Japan, Indonesia Detroit Free Press, United States - Earlier, a strong earthquake rocked southern Iran, sending tremors across the Persian Gulf and shaking the skyscrapers of Dubai. ... |
Major quake shakes northern Japan, tsunami warning ABS CBN News, Philippines - TOKYO - A 7.0 magnitude earthquake shook northern Japan on Thursday, the Japan Meteorological Agency said, which warned of mild tsunami seismic waves. ... |
Powerful earthquakes hit Indonesia, Japan CTV.ca, Canada - An earthquake rattled the northeast coast of Indonesia early Thursday, triggering a tsunami alert. Just 20 minutes later, another tremor hit Japan and was ... |
ABC Online, Australia -
Another earthquake struck off the coast of Japan's northernmost main island of Hokkaido had a preliminary magnitude of 7, the meteorological agency said on ...
Sleek Probe To Map Earth’s Gravity
Science Daily (press release) - 6 hours ago
Data from GOCE will allow scientists to create a detailed model of the Earth's gravity field, or geoid. “GOCE will yield details of the Earth's gravity ...
Last-ever Look At ESA's Gravity Satellite GOCE Science Daily (press release) - The sleek high-tech GOCE satellite embodies many firsts in terms of its design and use of new technology in space to map Earth's gravity field in ... |
Two tiny dots flicker - the great CERN adventure is on
Times Online, UK -
High on the wall above the consoles and computers of the CERN control room, a blank projector screen brightened for an instant. ...
Hindustan Times, India -
The world’s largest particle collider successfully completed its first major test by firing a beam of protons all the way around a 27-km tunnel in what ...
Shiva Star - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://www.cyberspaceorbit.com/aug4.html
Hindu God: Shiva (Shiv) - the destroyerIndia makes a Big Bang at Cern
 | Kalam allays fears of 'Dooms Day' Times Now.tv, India - Allaying fears of the world coming to an end with the physics experiment at the CERN laboratory in Geneva, former President APJ Abdul Kalam today (Sep 10) ... |
Economic Times, India -
BANGALORE: The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the world's biggest atom smasher commissioned on Wednesday in Geneva, has the strong "support" of India ...
 | Kalam Says 'Big Bang Experiment Oneindia, India - Indian space programme architect and former president, Dr.APJ Abdul Kalam said on Wednesday that the "Big Bang experiment" is an important contribution to ... |
Indian connection in Big Bang experiment Press Trust of India, India - Mumbai, Sept.10 (PTI) The world's most powerful physics experiment that completed its first major test today in Europe breathes an Indian link with 30 ... |
 | Big Bang test: India's flag flies high at CERN Sify, India - Mumbai: India has made major scientific and technological contribution to the new atom smasher also called the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), which went live ... |
Economic Times, India -
NEW DELHI: When the 27-km long Large Hadron Collider (LHC), a particle accelerator, goes live on Wednesday in the Alps along the Swiss-French border, ...
 BBC News | It's the end of the world (again) Scotland on Sunday, UK - Despite being invisible, black holes – regions of space in which the gravitational field is so powerful that nothing, not even light, can escape – can be ...  Video: CERN Prepares New Atom Smasher to Study Big Bang As massive atom smasher powers up, ‘Big Science’ moves away from ... Top 10 ways the Large Hadron Collider will blow your mind |
Melbourne Herald Sun, Australia -
Particle physicists fired up the world's biggest atom-smasher last night in a mission to answer some of the most perplexing questions about the universe. ...
Globe and Mail, Canada -
GENEVA, SWITZERLAND — In scale and appearance, it can only be compared to a cathedral. The chambers that hold the particle detectors, the biggest of them ...
Reuters -
By Julie Steenhuysen CHICAGO (Reuters) - Doomsday predictions surrounding the start-up of Europe's Large Hadron Collider -- a giant particle-smasher ...
Did the Indonesian Earthquake Affect Earth's Axis ?
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Christian Science Monitor, MA -
Material falling into the black hole energizes powerful, tightly focused jets that hurtle out along the hole’s rotation axis. In this case, the beam pointed ...
Boston Globe, United States -
This effect is due not to the stars themselves but to a slow, slight change in the direction that Earth's axis points. This change, called the "precession ...
- NASA to Explore 'Secret Layer' of the Sun
The 'transition region' is a place in the sun's atmosphere, about 5000 km above the stellar surface. --PhysOrg.com
 Scientific American | A Deep Thaw: How Much Will Vanishing Glaciers Raise Sea Levels? Scientific American - ... the water from Greenland, by roughly 11000 years ago thanks to increased sunlight (due to the periodic wobble in Earth's axis known as precession). ... |
Earth's axis tilt has recently increased by an additional 26 degrees
Surrounded by a Sea of Danger
The News, AR -
A pole shift 12400 years ago would possibly explain such events as the Biblical flood, the disappearance of the "mythical" continent of Atlantis, ...
EWING: 'Crisis' of global warming is fiction Rocky Mountain News, CO - It was even carried to the extreme to forecast that Colorado would see very little change in climate after the pole shift. Those same experts are now ... |
ExibArt, Italy -
Intitolata da Damon Zucconi, "pole shift" si riferisce all'ipotesi secondo la quale, a certe condizioni, gli assi di un pianeta si sposterebbero - una ...
Russia Journal, Russia -
With Spitzer's dust-piercing infrared eyes, astronomers peered 60000 light-years away into this fuzzy band, called the galactic plane, and saw all the way ...
The Milky Way Gorkhapatra, Nepal - Our Solar System is believed to have evolved close to galactic plane lying in minor arm dubbed the Orion (hunter) Spur. The Milky Way virtually divides the ... |
New 'Fermi' gamma-ray telescope makes first sky map New Scientist (subscription), UK - The Crab Nebula, which hosts a spinning neutron star, appears as a bright spot on the right in the galactic plane (Image: NASA/DOE/International LAT Team) ... |
Space Ref (press release) -
A search of the 2MASS and GLIMPSE surveys has produced over 450 newly-identified massive stellar cluster candidates in the Galactic plane which are hidden ...
EARTH CHANGES: Magnetic Field Reversal
Possible ramifications of diminishing magnetic field.
by Mary-Sue Haliburton
Pure Energy Systems News
Seeing the powerful earthquakes such as the December 26th, 2004 event that triggered the tsunami disaster, people are looking for possible causes for the apparent instability of earth's crust. "End-times" alarmists and backyard researchers believe that the predicted imminent reversal of the earth's magnetic field may be a significant clue to these eschatological-scale events.
Scientists have been observing changes in the direction of earth's magnetic field which took place recently as well as in the distant past. NASA’s website features a map showing the gradual northward migration of the north magnetic pole in the past century and a half. Since more than double the time interval has elapsed since the last reversal, compared to the time lapse between the previous two pole reversals, some believe we may be overdue for the next north-south flip. (1,2) However, though the interval between reversals of the Earth’s magnetic field can be as short as 5,000 years, it can also be as long as 50 million years. There does not seem to be any logic or rule governing the planet’s behavior.
It is not only the direction but also the strength of this magnetic field that is a concern. In the time of dinosaurs, at an estimated 2.5 gauss, it was eighty percent stronger than it is now. This may have been one of the reasons such gigantic life forms thrived. It is now accepted that a catastrophic event ended the reign of giant reptiles. However, they did not re-evolve to equivalent dimensions. And the disappearance of mammalian “mega-fauna” in more recent times is still considered to be a mystery. The mastodons and mammoths would have towered over modern elephants. Why are there so few large terrestrial animals today?
The smaller average size of modern animals may be due to the gradual decline of Earth's "steady state" (as opposed to “pulsed”) magnetism. Thousands of years ago the Chinese, with their astute discovery of bio-electrical energy flows known as “meridians”, learned that magnetism promotes vigor in biological life. They used magnetic rocks in medical treatment. In the past century there has been a further decline of earth's magnetic field by another five percent down to only 0.5 gauss. This has led Dr. Dean Bonlie to identify a "magnetic deficiency syndrome" resulting from the biological stress caused by the weakening of this "energy base" for life. (3)
The weakening of earth’s magnetism is one of the factors believed to be predictive of a pole reversal. That magnetic field reversals have occurred in the past is confirmed in the geological record. What is unclear is how precisely the transition occurs, and what happens to life forms extant at the time of this pole flip.
Does the magnetic field drop to zero gauss? Dire predictions follow upon the heels of this theory. Electronic devices would all be at risk: there may be damage to, or complete loss of, all near-earth-orbiting satellites and possibly the space station itself. Effects on life forms could range from migrating birds losing their sense of direction to immune system decline and even widespread die-off from radiation-induced cancers.
Losing its protective magnetic envelope, the atmosphere would expand and become thinner, possibly leading to altitude sickness near sea level. No longer filtered out, deadly cosmic rays would kill most if, not all, living creatures on the surface. Only those living in deep caves would be safe. This scenario has prompted some to build underground bunkers in hopes of surviving.
Countering this frightening vision, NASA predicts that, rather than declining to zero gauss, the magnetic field would become disordered. Thus we might for short time have more than one north and south pole on the planet. This official scientific stance says that the magnetosphere which shields us from cosmic radiation would not entirely disappear either. Thus, while communications would be erratic and perhaps at times completely inactivated, humans would find ways to survive. However, there are dissenters in the ranks, pointing to the vast South Atlantic magnetic anomaly and radiation damage to satellites over that region attributed to weakening of the protective magnetosphere. (4)
The disorderly-flip theory is supported by evidence from geology that in past reversals the decline was not total. Lava flows that solidified at Steen's Mountain during a lengthy reversal process show that the magnetic poles wandered across the equator three times. Though strength of the field was reduced to about 20% of maximum, there is no record that it fell to zero gauss during that transitional period. (5)
The theory that activity in the turbulent molten outer iron core of the planet generates its magnetic field currently dominates scientific thinking. Stormy activity deep in the earth's outer core, believed to be filled with roiling convection flows of molten iron, is understood to generate the planet’s magnetic field. Such violent seething could affect the mantle as well, possibly disturbing the earth's crust and causing the quakes.
However, there is an alternate theory of how the magnetic field is generated. In his article, "Origin of the Earth's Magnetic Field", Ernest McFarlane outlines gaps in the molten-iron convection theory. He proposes a system of electronic cells in a crystalline metal core with hot spots of heavy metals releasing alpha and beta particles. Due to the high heat the alpha particles are unable to combine with the free electrons. "Consequently an electron current flow is produced and conditions are set up for the generation of current loops throughout the inner and outer core. ... magnetic fields are produced as a consequence, in accordance with the right hand rule of electromagnetic theory." (5)
Which theory is right? We may find out from experience sooner than we can come to amicable agreement, given the conflicting theories and computer models. The actual dynamics may include aspects of both, or new insights not yet fully developed.
The reason why so many diverse cultures have utilised these numbers in their astrology, religions and sciences is most probably due to the precession of the equinoxes which is the apparent motion of signs of the zodiac through the sky due to the wobble of the Earth's axis.
The sun reverses its magnetic field like clockwork every eleven years at the peak of the sunspot cycle. The next solar flip is due in 2012. South-pointing magnetic flux moves from sunspots, which are intense magnetic loops near the equator of the sun, along “meridional flows” to the north magnetic pole, and vice versa. As the oppositely-directed charge accumulates at the poles the field declines, until eventually the reverse charge predominates.
Scientists point out that the heliosphere does not wink out of existence during this reversal. The sunspots are intense magnetic knots, much stronger than the star’s main field, which continue to spiral outward even when the main dipole field vanishes briefly. Though the solar magnetic reversal is not completely understood, the Ulysses space probe has sent back detailed data which has supplied answers to many questions. (6)
The mechanism that controls earth's field reversals may not be based on similar principles. For one thing, a planet does not seem to have any equivalent to the powerful sunspots. McFarlane refers to there being more than one north-south pole system and about 10% of the total field being involved in smaller extra fields. If these subordinate minor magnetic fields take up more of the magnetic activity during the main field’s decline, they might become active enough to sustain a minimal protective layer shielding the biosphere, even if the main dipole field declines to zero gauss. This could be important for our survival, as the Steen’s mountain lava flows indicate that the reversal took 4,500 years to be completed! (5)
IMPLICATIONS FOR HUMANITY’S ENERGY NEEDS
Whether the magnetic field is primarily molten-metal flow dynamics or electron current loops, or a combination of those and other factors, a magnetic pole reversal may be of significance to the search for clean energy generation and transportation. If earth magnetic anomalies become more frequent or are concentrated in certain areas, we could see disruption of existing electrical grids, even without the dramatic atmosphere expansion and radiation damaging to life and computers.
PES Network Inc. wants to encourage people in all geographical regions to participate in magnetic-pole data collection and reporting. A community-editable directory page at PESWiki.com has been created for this purpose. It is recommended that you first establish a “base line” by determining the accurate magnetic north reading for your location, and report the number of degrees and direction of any deviation from this norm. If you are able to access equipment to determine field strength as well, this additional data would be of interest too.
This data may be useful in helping inventors and researchers test the tolerance of Zero-point technologies, magnetic motors and other new generation systems in adverse situations. As we may have to live through ongoing magnetic disturbance for a long time, we will need to know whether the new systems will be robust under conditions of planetary pole reversal.
Ordinary citizens do not usually have access to instrumentation that would allow them to examine the deeper layers of the planet, nor the high atmosphere, nor the magnetospheres in space. However, if many people collect observations on magnetic field direction from different locations across the continent of North America, and indeed around the world, this data may become relevant in more ways than feeding "end-time" theorizing.
The subject is complex, and whichever scenario may be about to occur, some individuals have been taking note of unusually large fluctuations in the apparent position of the magnetic north pole. Using a large, stationary, home-built compass, one individual in western Canada noticed a ten-degree variation within a few days. This was so unusual that, concerned about a sudden pole shift, he described and published his observations, and asked for input.
No one else was seeing this rapid "pole shift".
On borrowing a very sensitive water-filled portable compass and quartering the area, he discovered that this was indeed a highly localized anomaly in which his domicile happened to be situated dead center. See his recorded readings at the link below. (8) He is now theorizing that the phenomenon may be a vortex related to the nearby extinct volcano Mount Ida. (9) Vortices have been known to occur in volcanic mountain areas, and in the past some have become tourist attractions.
Individual observations are of value, but need to be balanced by additional data from a much wider geographical area. Thus alarms about sudden general "pole shift" may be put to rest, and anomalies studied for what they are.
Ted Twietmeyer is one of those calling for volunteers to join in a non-profit effort (10) to track the magnetic pole shift -- or apparent pole shift. Summaries and links to this data would be appropriate for the above-mentioned PESWiki directory.
REFERENCES
1. Article describes magnetic pole migration and related theories, with numerous diagrams.
2. The geodynamo: beautiful diagrams of shifts and variations in magnetic field strength.
3. Dr. Bonlie's concepts of the energy base for biological life, including paleomagnetics.
4. Huge magnetic anomaly in South Africa, and satellite damage suggests that magnetosphere is weakening.
5. McFarlane's alternative magnetic-field theory based on electrodynamics.
6. sun reversals
Solar magnetic field reversals described, with instructive diagrams.
7. General electrical theory about solar system.
8. data sheet of the local magnetic anomaly in British Columbia
9. "Mount Ida British Columbia Vortex" report. (to follow).
10. magnetic-pole-shift-may-be-underway
11. Article on magnetic anomalies for download
EARTH CHANGES RELATED SITES
- EARTH'S CORE, MAGNETIC FIELD CHANGING FAST, STUDY SAYS
Rapid changes in the churning movement of Earth's liquid outer core are weakening the magnetic field in some regions of the planet's surface, a new study says. "What is so surprising is that rapid, almost sudden, changes take place in the Earth's magnetic field." The findings suggest similarly quick changes are simultaneously occurring in the liquid metal, 1,900 miles (3,000 kilometers) below the surface. The swirling flow of molten iron and nickel around Earth's solid center triggers an electrical current, which generates the planet's magnetic field.
Fluctuations in the magnetic field have occurred in several far-flung regions of Earth, the researchers found. In 2003 scientists found pronounced changes in the magnetic field in the Australasian region. In 2004, however, the changes were focused on Southern Africa. - EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD IS FADING
Earth's magnetic field is fading. Today it is about 10 percent weaker than it was when German mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss started keeping tabs on it in 1845, scientists say. - WILL COMPASSES POINT SOUTH? The New York Times - July 13, 2004
The collapse of the Earth's magnetic field, which both guards the planet and guides many of its creatures, appears to have started in earnest about 150 years ago. The field's strength has waned 10 to 15 percent, and the deterioration has accelerated of late, increasing debate over whether it portends a reversal of the lines of magnetic force that normally envelop the Earth.
During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, then reappears with opposite polarity. Afterward, compass needles that normally point north would point south, and during the thousands of years of transition, much in the heavens and Earth would go askew.
A reversal could knock out power grids, hurt astronauts and satellites, widen atmospheric ozone holes, send polar auroras flashing to the equator and confuse birds, fish and migratory animals that rely on the steadiness of the magnetic field as a navigation aid. But experts said the repercussions would fall short of catastrophic, despite a few proclamations of doom and sketchy evidence of past links between field reversals and species extinctions.
Although a total flip may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already damaging satellites. - EARTH LOSES ITS MAGNETISM
A particular weakness in the field has been observed off the coast of Brazil in the so-called Southern Atlantic Anomaly. Here, eccentricities in the Earth's core have caused a "dip" in the field, leaving it 30% weaker than elsewhere. - QUICK FLIP OF EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD REVEALED
The Earth's magnetic field takes an average of only 7000 years to reverse its polarity, but the switch happens much more quickly near the equator, according to the most comprehensive study yet of the last four reversals. Clement found that the duration of the transitions varied with latitude, from 2000 years near the equator to 11,000 years nearer the poles. Would be every 2500 years, but a significant impact does now always happen. - THE SUN FLIPS ITS MAGNETISM.
Incidentally, our beloved Earth also flips its magnetic polarity. The time- period is less regular, with intervals 5 thousand years to 50 millions years apart. The last reversal happened 7,40,000 years ago, and some scientists feel the next reversal is overdue. Nobody knows when, and what would be its impact on life on Earth. The next column in this series will cover what may happen when our Earth flips it. - EARTH'S MAGNETIC POLES ON VERGE OF FLIPPING?
- GEOLOGIST SAYS NORTH POLE MAY FLIP TO SOUTH
A geologist says there are signs the North Pole is about to flip to the South Pole. He claims changes in the way molten iron is flowing in the Earth's core could trigger a switch. Experts at the Physics of the Globe Institute of Paris and the Danish Space Research Institute in Copenhagen carried out the comparison and say the magnetic field off the southern tip of Africa has already flipped. - ON THE POSSIBILITY OF VERY RAPID SHIFTS OF THE POLES - 11 April 1997
- Summary : - Evidence exists that the poles have changed position during the past ages. This possibility, however, so far has been disregarded on the basis that such a phenomenon is thought to be physically impossible. The following article shows the possibility of very rapid shifts of the poles due to the impact of astronomical objects as small as a half-kilometer diameter asteroid. Acording to the Vulcan web site, the inner core of the Earth first changes its magnetic orientation. Then the strike of a meteorite orients the magnetic domains of the material in the Earth's crustal regions. Thus, the meteorite strikes "cement" the changed magnetic field. - ON THE POSSIBILITY OF VERY RAPID SHIFTS OF THE POLES - 14 April 1997
Critisism of above.
An interesting aspect of his arguments is the derivation of the size of asteroid needed to cause a polar shift. The way in which Dr. Barbiero determines the size of the impactor needed to cause pole shifting is not only incorrect, but it completely ignores the physical processes by which cratering occurs. It fails to provide any justification for the minimumsize of the meteorite needed create the torque which he claims is needed for pole shifting. - "ALMOST INCONCEIVABLE" CHANGES IN THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD
Lava flows testified that, during a reversal, the earth's field swung at the astonishing rate of 3?(and up to 6? in a single day. Three unpalatable possibilities have been advanced:- The earth's molten core can change rapidly in response to forces still unrecognized.
- The dynamo theory of the origin of the geomagnetic field is incorrect.
- Mountain rocks are not faithful recorders of the geomagnetic field (undermines, the whole field of paleomagnetism).
- WHAT ON EARTH...?
If the flip-over of the Earth's magnetic field is overdue, how long do you estimate it will be before it eventually happens? - EPISODE OF STEEP GEOMAGNETIC INCLINATION All scenarios of crustal plate motion may have to be modified substantially.
- WHEN THE EARTH SHIFTED GEARS No one really knows just how the terrestrial magnetic field is generated or why it has reversed its direction so frequently in past geological time. Perhaps there is a clue in the following correlation:
Magnetic quiet periods coincide with fast seafloor spreading. During these periods, buoyant spreading ridges displace seawater into broad shelves, thus decreasing earth's albedo and causing global warming. Temperature gradients, and thus density gradients, from pole to equator decrease in surface waters, and the deep ocean currents of oxygenated polar waters wane. Oxygen minimum zones intensify and widens. - EARTH'S MAGNETIC FIELD JERKS It now seems almost certain that around 1969 a spectacular change took place in the geomagnetic field. The change was almost synchronous over the whole of the Earth's surface, took place in less than two years, and is now known to have consisted of a 'jerk'.
- BEHIND MAGNETIC FLIP-FLOPS Taking a different tack, D. Gubbins has investigated the possibility that field reversals are triggered by ice ages and meteorite impacts (tektite falls). The physical mechanism here would be the increase in pressure upon the core, which affects the rate of freezing in the outer core, and thus the power available to the core dynamo.
- THE MAGNETIC JERK PROBLEM While most geophysicists acknowledge that something significant happened to the core in 1969, the geographical extent of the "jerk" is unclear. The acceleration of the field was clear cut in Europe but obscure or undetectable over much of North America.
- EARTH'S CORE RUNS AHEAD OF CRUST
US scientists claim to have confirmed that the Earth's core is spinning faster than its outer layers.
The results show that the inner core is rotating faster than the rest of the planet by about 0.009 seconds per year.
Earth has a solid inner core made of iron and nickel that is about 2,400km in diameter and a fluid outer core about 7,000km in diameter.
This so-called "superrotation" of the inner core is of the order of 0.3 degrees to 0.5 degrees each year. This means that in 900 years, the inner core would gain one full rotation on the rest of the planet.
The research could help test simulations of how the outer, fluid core generates the Earth's magnetic field, which shields our planet and the teeming life on it from harmful cosmic rays. - EARTH'S CORE ROTATES FASTER THAN SURFACE, STUDY CONFIRMS
The surface movement is called plate tectonics. It involves the shifting of about a dozen major plates and is what causes most earthquakes.
"We're talking about 50,000 times that of plate tectonic motion," Song told LiveScience.
Circulating magma in the molten outer core generates a weak magnetic field, which the researchers suspect may be leaking into the inner core and generating an electric current. The twisting force generated by this electromagnetic interaction may be what drives the inner core's rotation.
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